These underlying motivations and impulses form our personality traits. Tendency to favor one's own culture. Out-Group. Scapegoat Theory: Definition. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. The tendency to favor one’s own cultural group over other groups is called a) social identity. b) ethnocentrism. c) deindividuation. d) groupthink. b) ethnocentrism. According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is a) equity. b) physical attractiveness. gestures: Definition. Through this bias, people tend to favor information that reinforces the things they already think or believe. b) ethnocentrism. Personality traits are “underlying,” but they are fairly enduring once a person reaches adulthood. Mike Mclane "The Mclaniac". Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. In-Group Bias: Our tendency to favor people who belong to the same groups that we do. Implicit biases are unconscious attitudes and stereotypes that can manifest in the criminal justice system, workplace, school setting, and in the healthcare system. 6940944: ingroup bias: the tendency to favor one's own group. The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. The tendency to underestimate the effects of external or situational causes of behavior and to overestimate the effects of internal or personal causes. 18. tendency to favor one’s own group Scapegoat Theory theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame Just-World Phenomenon tendency of people to believe the world is just people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. ingroup bias: tendency to favor one's own group (share common identity) scapegoat theory = prejudice as an outlet for anger- find somebody to blame. The unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice. C. When the presence of other people watching improves a person's performance. Scotland’s famed “Tartan Army” fans. • Terror Management - According to this theory, people's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality • Outgroup Homogeneity Effect - Perception of outgroup members as more similar to … As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Expressing one's own feelings is different from focusing on another's character (taking his … Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one’s own in-group over another’s outgroup. In science specifically, researchers try to identify bias that they knowingly or unknowingly possess in order to have the clearest results and data possible. These attitudes form earlier and are stronger and more resistant to change than others (Bourgeois, 2002), although it is not yet known why some attitudes are more genetically determined than are others. Human ethnocentrism—the tendency to view one's group as centrally important and superior to other groups—creates intergroup bias that fuels prejudice, xenophobia, and intergroup violence. Term. People with whom one shares a common identity; “ us ” In-group bias. answer. A situation in which a group fixates on one decision and members blindly assume that it is the correct decision. Other-Race Effect The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. This can be seen in business settings where credit for success is given to employee efforts, successful advertising, etc., but where failures are instantly attributed to outside "sabotage" from competitors rather than examining … an ingroup bias.C. https://quizlet.com/386260263/social-psychology-ch-9-prejudice-flash-cards a) social identity. the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Because the tendency to favor the ingroup is a normal byproduct of self-concern, most people do, by and large, prefer their ingroups over outgroups. prejudice An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group. 1.One of the reasons to study psychology is to. 6940943: outgroup "Them"--those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup. an outgroup bias.D. peripheral route to persuasion Occurs when people are … Self-serving bias The tendency for individuals to attribute success on an event or project to … According to Marilyn Brewer , prejudice "may develop not because outgroups are hated, but because positive emotions such as admiration, sympathy, and trust are reserved for the ingroup". The leader took the opportunity to say that in group therapy it is important to consider one's feelings about what others say and do even if [the feelings] are negative. Social. 10 55 Emotional Roots of Prejudice Prejudice provides an outlet for anger [emotion] by providing someone to blame. Common to all cultures. refers to the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors: group serving bias: same as self serving bias but between groups: illusion of transparency: tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others: immune neglect The group-serving bias, sometimes referred to as the ultimate attribution error, describes a tendency to make internal attributions about our ingroups’ successes, and external attributions about their setbacks, and to make the opposite pattern of attributions about our outgroups (Taylor & … How to use bias in a sentence. Conjunctive task When the group performance is determined by the ability of the group member who performs most poorly. Ethnocentrism is an attitude characterized by the glorification of one’s own group (in-group) and the defamation and discrimination of other groups (out-group). Because the tendency to favor the ingroup is a normal byproduct of self-concern, most people do, by and large, prefer their ingroups over outgroups. https://quizlet.com/286541965/psychology-test-6-flash-cards Islamaphobia: the fear or hatred of Muslims, Islam and related symbols. In the United States, for instance, it is often assumed that European products such as wine and cheese are superior to those produced locally. "In high schools, students often form cliques-jocks, preppies, stoners, skaters, gangsters, freaks, geeks-and disparage those outside their group" (Myers, p. 717). See more. B. the tendency to favor our own group. e. The tendency for pressure on dissenters to conform. a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. is an external group to which they do not belong. Social Relations is the tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups. is having an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group. can take place in many forms, such as age, sex, race, religion, or nationality. The word psychology comes from the roots psyche and logos, which means respectively. The ability to identify the various biases in our lives is the first step to understanding how our mental processes work. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 743) 16465540: ingroup "us"—people with whom one shares a common identity. The tendency to favor one’s own group. To the tendency for people to do less in a group setting. 6 ... Ingroup Bias: The tendency to favor one’s own group. The boys were then given a chance to allocate points to other boys in their own group and ... we have considered ingroup favoritism as a natural part of everyday life. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias. Table 5.1 Heritability of Some Attitudes. Tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar. Realistic-Conflict Theory. In-Group . B. an ingroup bias.C. Social perception (or interpersonal perception) is the study of how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people as sovereign personalities. Term: Outgroup Definition: "Them"--a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup. a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people: discrimination: unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members: ingroup “Us”—people with whom we share a common identity: outgroup “Them”—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup: ingroup bias: the tendency to favor our own group Cultural Universals . Abortion on demand. Conformity The change in beliefs, opinions, and behaviors as a result of our perceptions about what other people believe or do. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 746) 16465541: ingroup bias: the tendency to favor one's own group. The theory that prejudice stems from competition for scarce resources. Xenocentrism is a culturally-based tendency to value other cultures more highly than one’s own, which can materialize in a variety of different ways. CORRECT Group polarization unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get (leads to victim-blaming). Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one’s own in-group over another’s outgroup. …. 6940946: aggression 312432918. equity. language: Definition. 61) A tendency to favor one’s group is called A. ethnocentrism. the tendency to favor our own group. A) tendency to expend less effort on a task when it is a group effort. According to David Myers in "Psychology", in-group bias is the tendency to favor one's own group. The Outcomes of Ingroup Favoritism. that comes from our group memberships. Understanding Cultural Bias: 3 Examples of Cultural Bias. Term. 7. Take-home Messages. Answer: B. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Basic Feedback: page 327Learning Goals: Identify and … Greater conformity occurs _____, while greater individuation occurs _____. Person perception follows some basic principles. preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members. The minimal group paradigm is a method employed in social psychology. Once an in-group is established, prejudice and discriminatory treatment of the out-group soon follows… D. social dominance. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one’s own culture. Folkways and mores. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the kinds of group biases that exist in face-to-face groups? cultural relativism: ... something to which people attach meaning and that they then use to communicate with one another. The tendency to favor one's own group. tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group ... another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item ... preference for our own group over other groups individualistic culture 8. Although it may be used for a variety of purposes, it is best known as a method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. outgroup "Them" - a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup ingroup bias the tendency to favor one's own group terror management people's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their … The tenency to favor our own group: Term. a) crowd psychology b) herd mentality c) crowdsourcing d) groupthink. The social influence that is based on the desire to be liked or accepted by others is _____. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one’s own in-group over another’s outgroup.
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